Effects of Community Based Tourism on Development of Rural Hospitality Entrepreneurs in Musanze District, Rwanda
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t5395Abstract
Rural community retention challenges continue to intensify, emphasizing the need to attract and empower rural populations to foster hospitality entrepreneurship. This study aimed to assess the effects of community-based tourism (CBT) on the development of rural hospitality entrepreneurs in Musanze District, Rwanda. Specifically, it sought to evaluate the relationship between community-based tourism and hospitality entrepreneurship in job creation, assess the link between training and hospitality entrepreneurship and examine the relationship between leadership development planning and hospitality entrepreneurship within Rwanda’s hotel industry. A descriptive research design integrating both qualitative and quantitative approaches was adopted. Data were collected through questionnaires and interview guides from a sample of 244 respondents, drawn from a target population of 980 using Yamane’s (1967) formula and a combination of simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25.0. Descriptive statistics, including means and standard deviations, were employed, while inferential analysis utilized multiple linear regression. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically, and results were presented using tables, figures, and narratives. Findings from regression analysis revealed that training emerged as the sole significant predictor of hospitality entrepreneurship development, with a positive beta coefficient of 0.698 (t=3.507, p=0.002), confirming its critical influence on rural enterprise growth and sustainability. However, employment creation showed a non-significant negative relationship (β=-0.135, p=0.362), while leadership development planning demonstrated minimal impact (β=-0.027, p=0.910), suggesting these strategies require fundamental reassessment and redesign. The study concludes that community-based tourism initiatives promote rural entrepreneurship primarily through training and skills enhancement rather than through employment quantity or current leadership development approaches. The study recommends that stakeholders should prioritize investment in comprehensive training programs as the primary intervention, critically reassess employment creation strategies to emphasize quality over quantity, and fundamentally redesign leadership development frameworks to ensure they deliver measurable impacts on venture performance and sustainability in Rwanda's rural hospitality sector.
Keywords: Community- Based Tourism, Rural Hospitality, Entrepreneurs, Musanze District, Rwanda
References
Aarts, H. (2019). An exploration of goal-setting theory and the paradoxes involved in establishing objectives. Motivation Science, 5(2), 106–107. https://doi.org/10.1037/mot0000130
Akimpaye, C. (2013). Strategic approaches to hospitality entrepreneurship among rural communities and their influence on public institutions in Rwanda. Retrieved from http://erepository.mku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/5363
Armstrong, M. B. (2018). Implementing gamified systems for community-based training and workforce enhancement. International Journal of Training and Development, 22(2), 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijtd.12124
Avanesh, N. M. (2011). Examination of planning for leadership development and its organizational consequences in the IT industry. Undefined, 2(1). https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-study-on-Leadership-development-planning-and-its-impact-on-in-Avanesh/2065e49123b41c7b6bbc5ef67815159e449984f2
Barney, J. B., Ketchen, D. J., & Wright, M. (2021). A contemporary review of resource-based theory and value generation models. Journal of Management, 47(7). https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063211021655
Dahlke, A. (2012). A beginner’s manual to developing leadership skills. Chichester.
Eyisi, D. (2016). Evaluating quantitative and qualitative methodologies in assessing scientific problem-solving capabilities. Journal of Education and Practice, 7, 91–100.
Farr, J. L., & Tippins, N. T. (2017). Comprehensive guide to participant selection within rural communities. Routledge.
Ferreira, C. R. (2019). The societal and healthcare implications associated with rare disease prevalence. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 179(6), 885–892. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.61124
Filipova, A. A. (2016). Application of expectancy theory in organizational frameworks. In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance (pp. 1–9). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3002-1
Fleming, J., & Zegwaard, K. E. (2018). Research approaches, methods, and ethics for work-based learning. International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning, 19, 205–213.
Foroudi, P. (2019). The impact of brand characteristics on hospitality entrepreneurship in the hotel sector. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 76(A), 271–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.05.016
Giuliani, P. A., & American. (2013). Managing leadership transitions and succession in legal firms. ABA, Law Practice Management Section.
Gkizani, A. M., & Galanakis, M. (2022). A literature review on the use of goal setting theory in modern businesses. Psychology, 13(3), 420–426. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2022.133028
Gulberti, G. (2020). Key metrics for evaluating success in hospitality entrepreneurship. Launchmetrics. https://www.launchmetrics.com/resources/blog/measure-entrepreneur-venture-performance
Gupta. (2013). Administration of employment creation and selection within rural sectors. Random Publications.
Iyer, P., Davari, A., & Paswan, A. (2018). Identifying key influencers of entrepreneurship within hospitality environments. Journal of Entrepreneur Venture Management, 25(3), 202–216. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41262-018-0097-1
Kabadayi, E. T. (2012). Assessing the influence of hospitality entrepreneurship on retail satisfaction. African Journal of Business Management, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.5897/ajbm10.1682
Kubota, K., & Wakana, A. (2011). Mathematical formula for determining sample size in case-cohort analysis. Epidemiology, 22(2), 279. https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e3182087650
Law Society of Manitoba. Education and Competence Department. (2011). Developing effective leadership strategies. Law Society of Manitoba.
Miroshnychenko, O., & Kryvko, K. (2015). Evolution and application of resource-based views in strategic theory. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Economics, 170, 28–34. https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2667.2015/170-5/5
Mugenda, & Mugenda. (2013). Approaches in social science research: Quantitative and qualitative. Nairobi: Acts Press.
Muhammad, S., Salleh, S., & Mohammed Yusr, M. (2020). Exploring trust and communication impacts on entrepreneurship in rural banking. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.35912/ijfam.v2i2.193
Nassazi, A. (2013). Examining how training initiatives affect employee output in rural settings. Semantics Scholar. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/effects-of-training-on-rural-community-performance.-Nassazi/764122ce28fc6ddf7d9e19df1ae236d3efb508d2
Nguyen, P., Crase, L., & Nguyen, H. (2016). How logistics integration correlates with costs in Vietnam's transport enterprises. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305739640
Noe, R. A. (2020). Training and development of rural human resources (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Odengo, R. A., & Bett, M. S. (2016). Leadership strategy practices and their effect on performance in Kenya Power Limited. International Journal of Business Strategies, 1(1), 127. https://doi.org/10.47672/ijbs.102
Peteraf, M. (2016). Resource-based theories in the strategic management context. The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94848-2_324-1
Pristed, B. B. (2017). Designing research strategies: A methodological overview. In The New Russian Book (pp. 1–30). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50708-8_1
Ritchie, M. (2019). Advocating for structured leadership development in education. Management in Education, 34(1), 089202061988104. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892020619881044
Roy, B. (2018). Determining factors that influence hospitality entrepreneurship in rural banks. International Journal of Management Studies, 5(Special Issue 2), 101. https://doi.org/10.18843/ijms/v5is2/13
Rwanda, Local Government Capacity Program (LGCP) 2012–2016 | VNG. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://vng.gopublic.work/rwanda-local-government-capacity-programme-lgcp-2012-2016
Singh, H. (2018). A study of hospitality entrepreneurship drivers in organizational frameworks. Journal of Advances and Scholarly Research in Allied Education, 15(3), 140–143. https://doi.org/10.29070/15/57322
Snyder, K. (2015). How entrepreneurship contributes to employment development. Helix Education. https://www.helixeducation.com/resources/articles/importance-of-entrepreneur-venture-on-employment-creation-performance
Umwizerwa, C., & Emuron, L. (2020). Retention methods and institutional performance in Rwanda's public sector. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338582241_Retention_Strategies_for_Performance_in_Public_Institutions_in_Rwanda
Willie, M. M. (2022). Distinguishing the study population from the target population in academic inquiries. International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research Studies, 2(6). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmscrs/v2-i6-14
