Prevalence of Laryngeal Cancer, Voice Function and Communication in Western and Asian Societies
Abstract
After the removal of the larynx, the patient no longer has a source of sound for speaking. The use of voice is an integral part of communication. Laryngeal cancer that results in laryngectomy severely impacts only the patients ability to communicate. Loss of ability to communicate and swallow has a major psychological impact on the individual and their self-concept. It comes with a big psychological shock, followed by a period of grief and isolation and causes upsets to both the individual and their family with effects in personal relationships, loss of work and economic security. Several difficulties that arise from laryngeal cancer treatment include speech problems and swallowing. Speech problems post-surgery and chemo radiation results to altered resonance affecting voice quality and ability to communicate effectively. Literature based review was adopted in this paper. Treatments for patients with laryngeal cancer can have a major impact on voice functioning and communication. Laryngeal cancer treatment affects the upper airways. Two types of treatment are used when patients are diagnosed with advanced laryngeal cancer: exclusive chemo-radiation or total laryngectomy. When the selected option is total laryngectomy, the patient's voice is completely lost, with consequent problems in communication and personal interactions. For patients with laryngeal cancer, the disease can affect the ability to communicate, thereby disrupting interactions with other people and resulting in considerable social and psychological dysfunction. Therefore, communication and general health status are major concerns to patients who are undergoing treatment for laryngeal cancer. It is difficult to assess quality of voice of patients treated for advanced laryngeal cancer, assessing the medical, psychological, and social impact on the life of each patient is difficult, but it is essential in order to establish parameters of rehabilitation and support. The loss of the ability to speak always causes significant changes in a patients lifestyle, the impact of which can be significant. A cured but functionally impaired patient is not the goal of head and neck cancer treatment. Clinicians must interleave decisions regarding the best approaches to tumor eradication with subsequent post-treatment rehabilitation. Since total laryngectomy is still one of the main procedures in the treatment of laryngeal cancer and the patient needs to learn a new way of verbal communication.
Key words: laryngeal cancer, voice function and communication
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