Integration of Robotics Service on Guest Experience in Fine Dining Restaurants: A Case of Kileleshwa in Nairobi City County Kenya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t5453Abstract
The hospitality industry has increasingly integrated robotics and artificial intelligence technologies into service delivery to improve operational efficiency, strengthen competitiveness, and enhance guest experiences. This study examined the integration of robotics and artificial intelligence technologies and their influence on guest experiences in fine dining restaurants in Kileleshwa, Nairobi City County, Kenya. Specifically, the study assessed the influence of robotics and artificial intelligence technologies on guest experience and evaluated employees’ reception towards their integration. A descriptive research design was adopted, targeting 37 respondents comprising 25 restaurant employees, including managers, supervisors, waiters, cashiers, receptionists, cooks, and chefs, and 12 guests, including able bodied persons and persons with disabilities. A census approach was used, while data were collected through questionnaires and analysed using percentages, means, and standard deviations. The findings revealed that employees generally received the technologies positively, with 92 percent agreeing that they could work alongside robotic systems and 84 percent reporting improved staff efficiency. All guests agreed that robotics and artificial intelligence technologies improved dining satisfaction through accurate order delivery, while 91.7 percent reported improved meal experiences through timely service. However, most guests continued to value human interaction, with 66.7 percent disagreeing that they preferred robotic interaction to human touch. Acceptance was also lower among elderly guests, while responses concerning the accessibility and user friendliness of robotic systems for persons with disabilities were mixed. The study concludes that robotics and artificial intelligence technologies improve service accuracy, efficiency, restaurant image, and guest satisfaction but cannot fully replace personalised human service. Fine dining restaurants should therefore adopt a hybrid service model, provide employee training, retain human assisted service options, and prioritise accessible technological designs that accommodate guests with diverse abilities and preferences.
Keywords: Robotics; Artificial intelligence (AI); Guest experience; PWD guests; Fine dining.
References
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Prentice-Hall.
Ameen, N., Tarhini, A., Reppel, A., & Anand, A. (2021). Customer experiences in the age of artificial intelligence. Computers in Human Behavior, 114, 106548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106548Bohrium+8Unbound Medicine+8CoLab+8
Belanche, D., Casaló, L. V., & Flavián, C. (2021). Frontline robots in tourism and hospitality: Service enhancement or cost reduction? Electronic Markets, 31(3), 477–492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-020-00439-y
Blut, M., Wang, C., & Wünderlich, N. V. (2021). Understanding service robot acceptance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Service Research, 24(3), 343–364. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670520978797
Bonaccio, S., Connelly, C. E., Gellatly, I. R., Jetha, A., & Martin Ginis, K. A. (2020). The participation of people with disabilities in the workplace across the employment cycle: Employer concerns and research evidence. Journal of Business and Psychology, 35(2), 135–158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-018-9602-5
Buhalis, D., Leung, X. Y., Fan, D., Darcy, S., Chen, G., Xu, F., WeiHan Tan, G., Nunkoo, R., & Farmaki, A. (2023). Tourism 2030 and the contribution to the sustainable developmental goals. Tourism Review, 78(2), 293–313. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-11-2023-0812
Chiang, A.-H., & Trimi, S. (2020). Impacts of service robots on service quality. Service Business, 14(3), 439–459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-020-00423-8
Choi, Y., Choi, M., Oh, M., & Kim, S. (2020). Service robots in hotels: Understanding the service quality perceptions of human-robot interaction. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 29(6), 613–635. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2020.1703871
de Vries, G. J., Gentile, E., Miroudot, S., & Wacker, K. M. (2020). The rise of robots and the fall of routine jobs. Labour Economics, 66, 101885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2020.101885
Eulerich, M., Waddoups, N., Wagener, M., & Wood, D. A. (2023). The dark side of robotic process automation (RPA): Understanding risks and challenges with RPA. Accounting Horizons, 37(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.2308/HORIZONS-2022-019
Francis, F. (2021). Robotics in hospitality: How will it impact guests? Social Tables. https://www.socialtables.com/blog/hospitality-technology/robotics-experience/
Fuentes-Moraleda, L., Orea-Giner, A., Muñoz-Mazón, A., & Villacé-Molinero, T. (2020). Interaction between hotel service robots and humans: A hotel-specific service robot acceptance model (sRAM). Tourism Management Perspectives, 36, 100755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100755
Huang, M.-H., & Rust, R. T. (2018). Artificial intelligence in service. Journal of Service Research, 21(2), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670517752459
Ivanov, S., Webster, C., & Garenko, A. (2020). Young Russian adults’ attitudes towards the use of robots in hospitality. Technology in Society, 63, 101429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101429
Jiménez-Barreto, J., Rubio, N., & Molinillo, S. (2021). Find a flight for me Oscar! Motivational customer experiences with chatbots. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(11), 3860–3882. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-06-2020-0580
Johnson, C. S., & Ogunnaike, D. K. (2020). Robots: Hotel customers like them (mostly)! Cornell SC Johnson College of Business. https://business.cornell.edu/hub/2018/03/22/robots-hotelcustomers-like-them-mostly/
Khaliq, A., Waqas, M., & Ahmad, M. (2022). Application of AI and robotics in hospitality sector: A resource gain and resource loss perspective. Technology in Society, 68, 101867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101867
Koo, B., Yu, J., Chua, B. L., & Lee, S. (2021). Examining the impact of artificial intelligence on hotel employees through job insecurity perspectives. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 95, 102763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102763
Krzak, R. (2023). The downside of AI technology in the hospitality industry. Gecko Hospitality. https://www.geckohospitality.com/2023/04/13/the-downside-of-ai-technologyin-the-hospitality-industry/
Lee, Y., & Lee, S. (2021). Human–robot interaction in hospitality: Service robot acceptance by hotel employees. Tourism Management Perspectives, 38, 100828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100828
Lee, Y., Lee, S., & Li, J. (2021). Human–robot assistants: Acceptance model for hospitality employees. Tourism Management Perspectives, 38, 100828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100828
Li, J. J., Bonn, M. A., & Ye, B. H. (2019). Hotel employee’s artificial intelligence and robotics awareness and its impact on turnover intention: The moderating roles of perceived organizational support and competitive psychological climate. Tourism Management, 73, 172–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.02.006
Lu, V. N., Wirtz, J., Kunz, W. H., Paluch, S., Gruber, T., Martins, A., & Patterson, P. G. (2020). Service robots, customers and service employees: What can we learn from the academic literature and where are the gaps? Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 30(3), 361–391. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTP-04-2019-0088
Luo, J. M., Li, M., & Law, R. (2021). Understanding service attributes of robot hotels: A sentiment analysis of customer online reviews. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 98, 103019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.103019
Malone, C. (2024). Artificial intelligence in the hotel industry: The benefits and effects on corporations (Undergraduate honors thesis). University of Arkansas. https://scholarworks.uark.edu/hnhiuht/33
Marin-Pantelescu, A., Popescu, R. C., & Ștefan Hint, M. (2021). Opportunities for smart tourism: From human tourist guiding to virtual guiding in Bucharest. Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, 15(1), 620–629. https://doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2021-0058
Mori, M., MacDorman, K. F., & Kageki, N. (2021). The uncanny valley [Original work published 2012]. IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, 19(2), 98–100. https://doi.org/10.1109/MRA.2012.2192811
Operto. (2023). Hotel guest experience software for a stay they’ll remember. Operto. https://operto.com/blog/hotel-guest-experience-software/
PwC. (2021). The impact of robotics on global insight: A report examining how robotic automation is impacting service industry across Africa.
Ruel, H., & Njoku, E. (2020). AI redefining the hospitality industry. Journal of Tourism Futures, 7(1), 53–66. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-03-2020-0032
Sáez, Y., Muñoz, J., Canto, F., García, A., & Montes, H. (2019). Assisting visually impaired people in the public transport system through RF-communication and embedded systems. Sensors, 19(6), 1282. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19061282:contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}
Seo, K. H., & Jee, H. L. (2021). The emergence of service robots at restaurants: Integrating trust, perceived risk, and satisfaction. Sustainability, 13(8), 4431. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084431
Solution Analysts. (2023). The importance of artificial intelligence in the hospitality industry. https://www.solutionanalysts.com/blog/artificial-intelligence-in-hospitality-industry/
Tlili, A., Altinay, F., Altinay, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Envisioning the future of technology integration for accessible hospitality and tourism. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(12), 4460–4482. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2021-0321
Tussyadiah, I. P. (2020). A review of research into automation in tourism: Launching the Annals of Tourism Research Curated Collection on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 81, 102883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102883
U.S. Department of Justice. (2022). ADA Title III: Public accommodations. ADA.gov. https://www.ada.gov/title-iii/
Ukpabi, D. C., & Karjaluoto, H. (2020). Consumers' acceptance of information and communications technology in tourism: A review. Telematics and Informatics, 34(5), 618–644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.02.004
Venkatesh, V., & Thong, J. Y. L. (2012). Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: Extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. Cambridge University Press.
Vo-Thanh, T., Vu, T. V., Nguyen, N. P., & Zaman, M. (2022). The role of artificial intelligence in shaping customer experience in the hospitality industry. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 13(3), 345–360. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-12-2021-0156
Wirtz, J., Patterson, P. G., Kunz, W. H., Gruber, T., Lu, V. N., Paluch, S., & Martins, A. (2018). Brave new world: Service robots in the frontline. Journal of Service Management, 29(5), 907–931. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-04-2018-0119
World Economic Forum. (2020). How robotics and AI are transforming the hotel industry. https://www.weforum.org
World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC). (2020). Economic impact report 2020. https://wttc.org/Research/Economic-Impact
Wu, T.-J., Li, J.-M., & Wu, Y. J. (2022). Employees' job insecurity perception and unsafe behaviours in human–machine collaboration. Management Decision, 60(9), 2409–2432. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-09-2021-1257Emerald+1DeepDyve+1